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Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
The Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem ((ラテン語:Basilica Sanctae Crucis in Hierusalem), (イタリア語:Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme)) is a Roman Catholic minor basilica and titular church in rione Esquilino, Rome, Italy. It is one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome.
According to tradition, the Basilica was consecrated circa 325 to house the relics of the Passion of Jesus Christ brought to Rome from the Holy Land by St. Empress Helena, mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I. At that time, the Basilica's floor was covered with soil from Jerusalem, thus acquiring the title ''in Hierusalem''; it is not dedicated to the Holy Cross which is in Jerusalem, but the Basilica itself is "in Jerusalem" in the sense that a "piece" of Jerusalem was moved to Rome for its foundation. The current Cardinal Priest of the ''Titulus S. Crucis in Hierusalem'' is Miloslav Vlk.
== History ==
At one time the site of the temple of El Gabal, or Sol Invictus, the god of Emperor Elagabalus, the Basilica was later built around a room in St. Empress Helena's imperial palace, the ''Palazzo Sessoriano'', which she converted into a chapel circa AD 320. Some decades later, the chapel was converted into a true basilica, called the ''Heleniana'' or ''Sessoriana''. After falling into neglect, the Pope Lucius II (1144-5) restored the Basilica. For the occasion it assumed a Romanesque appearance, with a nave, two aisles, belfry, and porch.
The Basilica was also modified in the 16th century, but it assumed its current Baroque appearance under Pope Benedict XIV (1740–58), who had been its titular prior to his elevation to the Papacy. New streets were also opened to connect the Basilica to two other Roman major basilicas, namely, San Giovanni in Laterano and Santa Maria Maggiore. The façade of the Basilica, which was designed by Pietro Passalacqua and Domenico Gregorini, shares the typical late Roman Baroque style of these other basilicas.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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